June 20th, 1940 (THURSDAY)
UNITED KINGDOM:A heavily escorted convoy arrives in Britain with Australian and New Zealand troops, after setting out in early May.
RAF Bomber Command: 4 Group (Whitley). Bombing - industrial targets - marshalling yards.
10 Sqn. Eight aircraft to marshalling yards Hamm. Seven bombed.
51 Sqn. Nine aircraft to marshalling yards Hamm. Eight got off, seven bombed.
58 Sqn. Seven aircraft to industrial plant Essen. Six bombed; explosion and fires in target area. One FTR.
77 Sqn. Seven aircraft to industrial plant Ludwigshaven. One returned early. Six bombed. Opposition severe.
102 Sqn. Eight aircraft to industrial plant Ludwigshaven. Two returned early, one damaged by Flak and force landed at Manston.
London: In spite of Britains defeats, most of its Empire remains loyal to the motherland. Canada, Australia and New Zealand are sending it troops. In East Africa, a key test of the Empires loyalty, Sudanese, Somalians, Kenyans and South Africans are fighting the Italians in Ethiopia. Ironically, the highest proportion in terms of population, of new volunteers comes from Eire, part of the Commonwealth although no longer part of the Empire, with a neutral and apparently anti-British government. In India, however, the Hindus and the Congress Party seem "above" the war. In Egypt, some nationalists see Britains difficulty as Egypts opportunity.
Submarine HMS Tigris commissioned.
Corvette HMS Cyclamen launched.
Tug HMS Fresco launched.
FRANCE: The government asks Italy for armistice terms.
Lyons and Vichy in central France are captured by the Germans.
The Italians take up the offensive with an army of 32 divisions, of which 19 were in the first echelon. French General Olry defends with 3 divisions and some light defence works on the crests of hills.
GERMANY: U-127, U-164 laid down.
SPAIN: U-29 refuelled from the German supply ship Bessel in Vigo.
MEDITERRANEAN SEA: Italian submarine 'Diamante' is sunk by submarine HMS Parthian off Tobruk.
Italian submarines 'Provana' is sunk by a French sloop off Oran and
'Argonauta' and 'Rubino' by RAF
Sunderlands.
Most of the Italian submarines lost in the first 3 weeks or so
of Italian participation in hostilities, were located as a result of British
code-breaking
successes. (Brooks Rowlet)
LIBYA: Italo Balbo writes to Marshall Badoglio,
“Our light tanks, already old and armed only with machineguns, are completely outclassed. The machineguns of the British armored cars pepper them with bullets which pierce their armor easily. We have no armored cars. Our antitank defenses are largely a matter of make-do: our modern weapons lack adequate ammunition. Thus the conflict has taken on the character of steel against flesh…” The British, badly outnumbered but highly mechanized, had surprisingly seized the initiative from the start, mainly via their armored car patrols, which raided on the Italian side of the frontier with impunity. Balbo wrote of “infernal armored cars, which run over all types of ground at fifty kilometers per hour”
(i.e., over 30 mph).Balbo is given a provisional go-ahead for his project to invade Egypt. (Mike Yaklich)
JAPAN: Tokyo: Japan today took advantage of the fall of France by warning the French administration in Indochina that it must stop helping the Chinese Nationalist government in Chungking immediately.
The protest was delivered by Japans foreign minister, Mr. Tani, to the French ambassador. He was warned that Frances governor in Indochina must stop the transit of war materials across the Chinese border or face severe repercussions. At the same time Japan has formally asked Germany and Italy to preserve the status quo in Indochina.
Reports that Japanese forces are massing on Hainan island have increased fears that Japan is about to invade the French colony. French and British ships have been told not to call at Indochinese ports.
CANADA: Minesweepers HMCS Clayoquot and Quatsino laid down Prince Rupert, British Columbia.
U.S.A.: Henry Stimson becomes Secretary for War and Frank
Knox becomes Secretary of the Navy in a US cabinet shuffle. President Roosevelt">Roosevelt has
brought these prominent Republicans on board to strengthen his Cabinet.
The radio gossip columnist Jimmy Fiddler states that the movies should not be used
'to
rouse people of this country to a blind war fever.'
The heavy cruiser USS Vincennes (CA-44) and two destroyers, arrive at the New York
Navy Yard from French Morocco with the gold
reserves of the Bank of France (all 200 tons) to be deposited in U.S. banks.
ATLANTIC OCEAN: As the damaged 'Scharnhorst ' heads for Germany, 'Gneisenau' makes a feint towards Iceland. 40 miles northwest of the island of Halten near Trondheim, Norway she is torpedoed and damaged by submarine HMS Clyde. Both ships are out of action until the end of the year. Gneisenau has to return to Trondheim for repairs.
U-38 sank SS Tilia Gorthon.
U-48 sank SS Moordrecht.
Dutch submarine O-13 is torpedoed in error by Polish Wilk. Both were on passage to their patrol areas.