August 20th, 1942 (THURSDAY)
UNITED KINGDOM: In England, the principle of coordinated day and night bombing receives its first formal definition in the "Joint British/American Directive on Day Bomber Operations involving Fighter Cooperation." The emphasis is placed on achieving continuity in the bombing offensive from the UK.
The US Eighth Air Force flies Mission 3; 11 B-17 Flying Fortresses bomb Longeau marshalling yard at Amiens, France at 1801 hours without loss.
Combined Ops HQ: The Allied reconquest of Europe must begin with a soldier wading ashore out of the sea. The question to be answered after the Dieppe raid is: How do you get him ashore and ready for battle when the enemy is sitting up there with a battery of guns trained on him?
Lord Mountbatten, the chief of Combined Operations, believes that Dieppe
shows the need for overwhelming fire support, including close support, during
the initial stages of an attack. Dieppe has convinced Allied planners that the
massive force needed to open a second front cannot be assembled before 1944 at
the earliest.
FRANCE: USAAF bombers raid Amiens.
GERMANY:
U-229,
U-340,
U-643 and
U-644 launched.
U-368 and
U-748 laid down.
U-636 commissioned.
U.S.S.R.: Black Sea Fleet and Azov Flotilla: Shipping loss: MS "TSch-405 "Vzrivatel"" - by field artillery, close to Eupatoria (later raised) (Sergey Anisimov)(69)
The German 6th Army is on the move at Stalingrad, penetrating the Russian 64th Army at Abganervor and Sarpa Lakes.
Squadron-Leader Stephan Horthy, the vice-regent of Hungary, dies fighting with the Germans on the eastern front.
SOLOMON ISLANDS:
Late in the afternoon, the auxiliary aircraft carrier USS Long Island (ACV-1), escorted by the light cruiser USS Helena (CL-50) and destroyers USS Aylwin (DD-355) and USS Dale (DD-353), reaches a point 190 miles (305,8 kilometres) southeast of Guadalcanal and begins launching 31 aircraft of two USMC squadrons. These were 19 F4F-4 Wildcats of Marine Fighting Squadron Two Hundred Twenty Three (VMF-223), commanded by Captain John L. Smith, and 12 SBD-3 Dauntlesses of Marine Scout Bombing Squadron Two Hundred Thirty Two (VMSB-232), commanded by Major Richard Mangrum. The aircraft, the first U.S. aircraft to be based on the island, begin landing on Henderson Field at 1700 hours local. The task group is spotted by Japanese reconnaissance operating from the Shortland Islands but they are out or range of enemy land-based aircraft and they retire from the area without incident.TERRITORY OF ALASKA: In the Aleutians, a US
11th Air Force B-24 Liberator flies photo reconnaissance over Kiska Island; a patrol is
also flown over Shumagin Island.
CANADA: Trawler HMS Baffin commissioned and loaned
to RCN.
Corvette HMCS Dawson arrived Kokiak for
Aleutian Campaign under US control.
U.S.A.: HQ US Twelfth Air Force is activated at Bolling Field, Washington, DC. This unit is tasked with supporting the Allied invasion of North Africa in November 1942.
The USN redesignates its "Jeep" carriers from Aircraft Escort Vessel (AVG) to Auxiliary Aircraft Carrier (ACV).
The entire West Coast is ordered to dim city lights at night. Searchlights crisscrossing the sky at Hollywood movie premieres are extinguished for the duration. Limits have also been placed on movies studios relating to the amount of cloth they could use in costumes, the quantity of new construction they could devote to sets, and the amount of film stock they could purchase. Hollywood directors must learn to limit the number of "takes" when filming movies.
Submarine USS Gunnel commissioned.
Escort carrier USS Nassau commissioned.
ATLANTIC OCEAN:
The German submarine U-464 is sunk southeast of ICELAND at
61.25N, 14.40W by a USN PBY-5A Catalina of Patrol Squadron Seventy Three (VP-73) based at
Reykjavik, Iceland. While on convoy escort in Skerja Fjord near Reykjavik, the PBY crew
surprised the surfaced submarine in rough weather and attacked with 5 depth charges which
disabled the sub and prevented it from diving. Although U-464 could make 8 knots on the
surface, the crew realized that the boat would be destroyed by nearby surface forces so
the U-boat captain decided to scuttle the boat and got underway heading for a nearby
Icelandic trawler. There are two versions of what happened next. The British and Icelandic
versions are that the Icelandic trawler
Skaftfellingur headed for the sinking U-boat and commenced rescue operations. The Germans
seemed hesitant to leave their boat but finally after one of them had been pulled over to
the trawler via line they jumped into the water. The 7-man Icelandic crew then
accommodated the 52 German survivors and placed them in the bow. A machine gun on the
bridge enforced the order. Later the same day 2 British destroyers arrived and captured
the Germans. The German version is that the U-boat crew boarded the Icelandic boat and
subdued its crew and headed for Germany and they were only interrupted by 2 British
destroyers. The RN authorities believed the Icelandic version. Only 2 of the 54 crewman of
the U-boat died. The Icelandic captain is interrogated by a British court in
Fleetwood, Lancashire, about this.
Returning to base, the PBY pilot sent the following message: Sank Sub
Open Club. This message was directed at Commander Daniel V Gallery,
USN, who
had closed the Officers Club because the PBY crews had not sunk any submarines. Gallery
was in command of Task Group 22.3 which captured the German U-boat U-505 in the Atlantic
on 4 June 1944. U-505 is currently on display in Chicago, Illinois.
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