October 31st, 1942 (SATURDAY)
UNITED KINGDOM: Canterbury: A week after the RAF bombed the industrial city of Milan the Luftwaffe today attacked historic Canterbury, dropping 52 tons of bombs and causing extensive casualties. In a single incident, an attack on a bus, ten people died. The raid followed the tactic masterminded by the RAF: a low-level approach to the target at dusk, the delivery of a short but intensive barrage, and a follow-on raid by night. 68 fighter-bombers flew in the earlier raid and 68 fighters. Only three were lost.
USAAF Eighth Air Force: Major General Spaatz, Commanding General Eighth Air Force, informs Lieutenant General Henry H "Hap" Arnold, Commanding General USAAF, that operations against submarine pens may prove too costly for results obtained; believing the pens impervious to normal high-altitude bombing, Spaatz plans to operate as low as 4,000 feet (1 219 meters) and accept higher casualty rates.
Corvette HMS Dittany launched.
Destroyer HMCS Sioux (ex-HMS Vixen) laid down.
Escort carrier HMS Premier laid down.
Escort carrier HMS Battler commissioned.
Destroyer HMS Loyal commissioned.
FRANCE: During the day, RAF Bomber Command sends 17 (A-20) Bostons in low-level cloud-cover raids on power stations. Cover is sparse and four aircraft attack mostly minor targets with three aircraft bombing the power station at Pont a Vendin and one hitting a power station at Mazingarbe.
During the night of 31 October/1 November, RAF Bomber Command dispatches 22 Wellingtons and Stirlings to mine the waters off Biscay Bay ports; one Wellington is lost. Nine aircraft mine the waters off La Pallice, four off St. Nazaire, three off Lorient and one in the Gironde Estuary.
GERMANY: During the day, RAF Bomber Command dispatches eight Wellingtons to Emden, seven bomb, and six to Essen, two bomb. Two aircraft are lost over Essen.
U-856 laid down.
U-308, U-736, U-801, U-802, U-849 launched.
U-856 laid down.
POLAND: This month, the Nazis have murdered 64,000 Jews and gypsies at Belzec and 82,000 at Treblinka.
ESTONIA: After 35,000 persons have been executed in Riga, SS General Eirch Bach-Zelewski wrote: “Today, there are no more Jews in Estonia.”
U.S.S.R.: The German offensive towards the Caucasus mountains of southern Russia is petering out in the face of strong Soviet resistance and the onset of winter. The 1st Panzer Army of General von Kleist is currently stuck five miles west of Ordhonikidze with serious supply problems. Ironically, it is lack of oil which has most handicapped what began as a drive through the Caucasus to the oilfields near Baku. At first progress was swift, but neither of the original objectives of the 1942 southern offensives - the oilfields and the capture of Stalingrad - has been secured.
The Luftwaffe launches 45 separate attacks on Moscow.
In Leningrad, the air evacuation of 17,614 factory specialists and 8,590 wounded Sovet Army soldiers is completed.
CRETE: US Army, Middle East Air Force B-24 Liberators sent to bomb the Maleme dispersal area fail to locate the target because of overcast.
EGYPT: The German 90th Light Division continues to slog it out with the Australians north and east of Tell el Eisa in the Battle of El Alamein.
El Alamein: As Allied shells crashed around his headquarters, Rommel wrote his daily letter to his wife, Lu, today. Gone was the confidence that had made him the master of desert warfare. He wrote of "rivers of blood poured out over miserable strips of land that not even the poorest Arab would have bothered about". The blood is not just German and Italian, as the Allies suffered more losses than the Axis forces, but the "miserable strip of land" was a key point in his defences, the "Kidney Ridge", and it is now broken.
Both sides have sustained heavy losses in armour. The Kidney Ridge assaults have cost the 25th Panzers all but 31 of their 119 tanks. Further to the north, the British XXX Corps lost 200 tanks driving a two-mile wedge into the German positions to clear the way for the 9th Armoured Brigade and the 7th and 10th Armoured Divisions with the New Zealand infantry. The Australians in the north are fighting a relentless battle to take Tel el Eisa and break through to the coastal road.
Fortune has deserted Rommel. He was flown here from a sick-bed in Germany when his stand-in as the head of the Afrika Korps, General Stumme, died of a heart attack when his car was caught in crossfire on 24 October. Even the massive "devil's garden" - the five-mile deep minefield - that Rommel had planted was failing to hold the weight of Allied armour and the determination of the infantry.
Other generals have failed to out-manoeuvre the Desert Fox. His new opponent, Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery, is fighting a war of attrition based on superior numbers - he began this battle with 195,000 men to Rommel's 104,000, 1,029 tanks (including 252 Shermans) to 489, 2,311 guns to 1,219 and 750 planes to 675 - and detailed preparations which exploit Allied codebreaking. He knew Rommel's strengths and plans: a secret and possibly vital element in his chances of success.
Cairo: Taking part in General Montgomery's attacks at El Alamein is a new tank, the American M4 Sherman. Four British armoured brigades are equipped with the tank, deliveries of which were made in mid-September. It is armed with a 75mm turret-mounted gun and three machine guns and has a five-man crew: commander, gunner and loader in the turret plus driver and co-driver. With a battle weight of just under 30 tons, it is capable of speeds of up to 24mph. Like the Grant tank, it can fire high-explosive shells, crucial in dealing with the German 88mm anti-tanks guns.
US Army, Middle East Air Force B-25 Mitchells hit a landing ground and claim one fighter shot down while P-40s flying escort claim three.
LIBYA: Miteiriya Ridge: Sgt. William Henry Kibby (b.1903), Australian Military Forces, died assaulting an enemy position. For a week he had shown brilliant courage in leading his platoon. (Victoria Cross)
JAPAN: The Central Agreement between the Japanese Army and Navy, concerning the strengthening of defenses in the Aleutian Islands, Territory of Alaska, U.S., is published as Navy Directive No. 155. The objective of the operations is to increase the land forces necessary for occupying and securing the western Aleutian Islands, thereby strengthening its defenses.
NEW GUINEA: In Papua New Guinea, the Australian 2/31st Battalion on the Kododa Track arrives in Isurava early in the afternoon. Meanwhile, USAAF Fifth Air Force A-20 Havocs bomb and strafe Nauro and the area to the north while B-25 Mitchells strafe supply trucks southeast of Gona.
SOLOMON ISLANDS: Guadalcanal: Colonel Tsuji Masanobu arrives at the Japanese 17th Army HQ in Kokombona. He has retraced the route of the IJA 2nd Division in 2.5 days wracked with malaria. Fresh men took a week to make this hike. He describes the failed attack and current situation. They abort plans to land the 38th Division east of the Lunga perimeter.
The 1st Marine Division completes preparations for their offensive on Guadalcanal. The 5th Marine Regiment and 2d Marine Regiment (less 3d Battalion) move into attack positions along the Matanikau River. During the night of 31 October/1 November, Company E of the 5th Marine Regiment crosses the Matanikau River and outposts the west bank, and the 1st Engineer Battalion constructs three footbridges.
USAAF Fifth Air Force B-17 Flying Fortresses bomb shipping in Buin, Bougainville-Faisi Island-Tonolai, Bougainville Island area.
BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO: USAAF Fifth Air Force B-17 Flying Fortresses bomb shipping at Rabaul on New Britain Island.
PACIFIC OCEAN: 1800 hours: Submrine USS Thresher (SS-200) sinks a cargo ship at 04-40 S, 118-54 E.
Submarine USS Grayback (SS-208) sinks a cargo ship at 04-37 S, 152-30 E, Rabaul area. (Skip Guidry)
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS: A USAAF Eleventh Air Force weather and reconnaissance flight is flown over Japanese-held Attu and Kiska Islands; over Kiska, the weather aircraft draws antiaircraft fire from Little Kiska Island; no other missions as all combat aircraft are alerted for a possible naval target.
U.S.A.: "White Christmas" by Bing Crosby with the Ken Darby Singers and the John Scott Trotter orchestra reaches Number 1 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart in the U.S. The song is from the motion picture "Holiday Inn" starring Bing Crosby and Fred Astaire. This song, which debuted on the charts on 10 October 1941, was charted for 15 weeks, was Number 1 for 11 weeks and was ranked Number 1 for the year 1942.
Twenty-six men from the 100th (Company B, Third Platoon) leave Camp McCoy, Wisconsin for Ship Island and Cat Island off the Mississippi Gulf coast, on special assignment to be used to train dogs to recognize and attack Japanese, based on their supposedly unique scent. (Gene Hanson)
The auxiliary aircraft carrier, ex-Altamaha (ACV-6, ex-Maritime Commission Hull 160) is completed and purchased by the USN and immediately transferred to the British Royal Navy under Lend-Lease. She is renamed HMS Battler (D 18) and is returned to the USN on 5 January 1946. This is the sixth ACV transferred to the Royal Navy.
Minesweeper USS Serene launched.
Destroyer USS Maddox commissioned.
ATLANTIC OCEAN: Convoy SL-125 loses its 13th ship in a week's harrying by U-boats.
U-521 was attacked by a Hudson aircraft from RAF 145 Sqn and sustained minor damage.
U-103 sank SS Tasmania in Convoy SL-125.
U-510 damaged SS Alaska in Convoy SL-125.
U-172 sank SS Aldington Court. After sinking the Aldington Court, U-172 captured the vessel's First Officer.
U-174 sank SS Marylyn.
U-504 sank SS Empire Guidon and SS Reynolds.