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February 24th, 1943 (WEDNESDAY)

UNITED KINGDOM: The first MK I Hawker Tempest fighter (HM 599) with wing radiators, flies today. (22)

Whilst on final working up trials in home waters, U class submarine HMS Vandal is lost by accident. She was performing a deep dive in Inchmarnock Water, off Kilbrennan Sound, Lochranza, Clyde, on the West coast of Scotland and not heard from again. On 22 February 1943 she left the depot ship Forth, on Holy Loch, to carry out a three-day exercise in the Clyde, which was to include a deep dive on the 24th. During the exercise the submarine was under no obligation to communicate with her base and no alarm was felt when she did not do so. On 24 February 1943 Vandal was observed leaving her anchorage just north of the Isle of Arran. Her wreck was discovered by divers in December 1994, and given the status of a war grave in 1995. (Alex Gordon)(108)

Submarine HMS Tantalus is launched.

NORTH SEA: Submarine KNM Uredd lost off Norway in an unknown minefield in Noviken in Nordland. The Germans deployed the mines just a few days before the submarine arrived.

GERMANY: Hermann Esser, the state secretary for tourism, reads a speech by Hitler declaring that "the might of the world Jewish coalition" will soon be smashed.

U-1009 laid down.

U-310, U-539 commissioned.

BALTIC SEA: U-232 collided with U-649 during training in the Bay of Danzig. U-649 sank as a result of that incident, taking 35 of her crew with her.

MEDITERRANEAN SEA: At 1354, US Liberty Ship Nathanael Greene in Convoy MKS-8 was hit on the starboard side by two of three torpedoes from U-565 about 40 miles NE of Oran. The first torpedo struck between the #1 and #2 hatches and the second in the engine room. The explosions severely damaged the deck cargo, damaged the amidships deckhouse, disabled the engines, destroyed the starboard boiler and flooded the forward compartments and the machinery spaces. One officer and three men on watch below were killed while seven others were injured. Only a few minutes later, German aircraft attacked the convoy and the disabled Nathanael Greene was hit amidships by one aerial torpedo. The most of the nine officers, 32 crewmen and 16 armed guards (the ship was armed with one 4in, one 3in and four .50cal guns) abandoned ship in two lifeboats, while 26 men jumped directly onboard HMS Brixham, which came alongside and later picked up the remaining survivors from the boats and the water. The minesweeper took the Nathanael Greene in tow until the British salvage tug Restive took over at 2100 and beached the vBALessel at Salamanda, four miles west of Mostaganem at 0630 the next day. The ship was declared a total loss, but the repair ship managed to save at least 400 tons of her cargo.

NORTH AFRICA: Rommel is appointed commander of Army Group Afrika which includes Von Arnims 5th Panzer Army and the 1st Italian Army of General Messe.

CHINA: Dr. Joseph Needham arrived in Southwest China. He had been sent by the British Council to aid the war effort there by facilitating the provision of laboratory equipment and scientific books and journals to Chinese scientists. More...

TERRITORY OF ALASKA: Corvette HMCS Vancouver arrived Kodiak and placed under US control.

U.S.A.: Submarine USS Burrfish laid down Portsmouth, New York.

Destroyer escorts USS Fair, Manlove and Waterman laid down.

ATLANTIC OCEAN:

At 0754, SS Ingria in Convoy ON-166 was struck by one FAT torpedo from U-600 between #4 hold and the engine room. The crew abandoned the vessel when the deck was awash. At 0813, U-628 fired a spread of four FAT torpedoes, followed by a stern shot two minutes later and heard five explosions, thus claiming two ships sunk and another damaged. The Ingria was only sunk instantly by one further torpedo hit, so the other explosions were probably depth charges from corvette HMCS Rosthern, which later picked up survivors.

At 0116, U-653 fired a spread of four torpedoes at Convoy ON-166, observed two hits and heard two detonations. Feiler reported two ships sunk and another damaged. In fact, one torpedo detonated near the Delilian without damaging the vessel, while another torpedo struck the Madoera in station #13 at the bow. The crew quickly abandoned ship in several lifeboats, but the master decided at daylight to re-board the ship with 15 men. Together with the chief engineer he inspected the damage. The bow was now deeper in the water, while one boiler had remained operational. They managed to reduce the list to the bow and the water in #2 hold and in the engine room levelled. The ship got underway at 4 knots for St John’s, but after several days, she ran into an ice field about 200 miles from Newfoundland. The master slowly navigated through the ice and managed to reach St John’s on 1 March. One lifeboat with three Lascar seamen came across a lifeboat with 23 survivors from the Jonathan Sturges, which had been sunk by U-707 shortly before the Madoera herself was sunk. The Dutch lifeboat had already picked up 12 survivors from the same ship from rafts and took over six others to equalize the number of survivors in each boat. The survivors in the Dutch boat were picked up by destroyer USS Belknap on 12 March and landed two days later in Argentia. Another lifeboat with the second engineer, two Dutch greasers and several natives was found by U-591, which took the second engineer aboard. Three weeks later he was transferred to U-758 and arrived at Bordeaux on 30 March. On 27 February, a third lifeboat was found by U-753, which took six (white) men aboard and brought them to La Pallice, but left 29 natives adrift. The two lifeboats and occupants were never found.

At 0111 and 0114, U-707 fired two torpedoes at stragglers just behind Convoy ON-166 during a squall and reported one ship sunk and another damaged. In fact, both torpedoes struck the Jonathan Sturges in the #1 and #2 holds. The engines were secured and the eight officers, 36 crewmen and 31 armed guards (the ship was armed with one 4in, one 3in and eight 20mm guns) abandoned ship in three lifeboats and four rafts, but one of the boats swamped in the heavy seas and the occupants were picked up by the other lifeboats. The vessel was last seen barely above the water with her stern in the air, almost broken in two forward of amidships. Four crewmembers and 11 armed guards went down with the ship. On 27 February, a boat with 23 survivors came across a boat with three Lascar seamen from the Madoera, which had been torpedoed by U-653 at the same time. Four crewmembers and two armed guards were transferred to the foreign boat, which had already picked up eight crewmembers and four armed guards from rafts. The survivors in this boat were picked up by destroyer USS Belknap on 12 March and landed in Argentia two days later, but one crewmember died of exposure. The other lifeboat with the master, the chief mate, 11 crewmembers and four armed guards was never heard of again, like another boat containing ten crewmembers and seven armed guards. The last lifeboat with five crewmembers and two armed guards was found on 5 April by U-336, but one crewmember already died of exposure on 22 March. The survivors were picked up by the U-boat and landed at Brest on 11 April, later transferred to a POW camp near Bremen.

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